Ocean Acidification (OA) is a decrease in the ocean’s pH caused by increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere. Dissolution of CO2 in ocean water results in decreased CaCO3 saturation states, which affect the ability of ...

We attempted to determine how varying salinity can impact the barnacle. We worked under the hypothesis that barnacles developed in higher and lower salinities than ambient conditions would display significantly lower shell ...

Ocean Acidification (OA) is a reduction in the ocean’s pH, as a result of accumulating levels of CO2 in the atmosphere. The break down of CO2 in an oceanic environment leads to decreased CaCO3 saturation states. In this ...

Barnacles are found throughout the world’s oceans, and their success depends on a hard, mineralized, outer shell that protects the soft tissue. Prevention and removal of barnacles from vessels and structures in the ocean ...

The effects of Climate Change in the form of pH, temperature, and salinity variation on crab shell formation were assessed. By the year 2100, projections based on “business-as-usual” emissions suggest a further doubling ...

Shell formation is key to the success of a variety of marine invertebrates. This study primarily focuses on fiddler crabs, king crabs, barnacles, and oysters with mineralized shells.

Marine biofouling is the growth of organisms on human-made structures placed in the ocean. Biofouling is a major issue for naval and maritime industries, with mitigation expenses costing millions of dollars each year. ...

NASA has a long term goal to go to Mars. The long duration spaceflight has many risks to astronaut health, including the risk of bone loss due to the absence of gravity and exposure to space radiation. There have been ...

In the 50 years since NASA s first moon landing, space exploration has become more prevalent as the necessity for extraterrestrial resources has increased on Earth. Outside of Earth s magnetic field, there is a lack of ...

NASA has trips to both the Moon and Mars on their itinerary for the near future. Health and safety of the astronauts is of the upmost importance for the missions. Bone loss, or osteoporosis, is a known risk of space travel ...